Approximately 48 million people in the US are served by private and frequently untreated wells. Crudely, we estimate that 1.3 million cases of acute gastrointestinal illnesses (AGI) per year are attributed to consuming water from untreated private wells in the US. Well-water associated AGI causes significant burden in terms of health care costs and lost […]

Dr. Murphy has extensive experience working on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene projects globally through research and when she worked with UNICEF as a WASH Specialist. She has overseas experience in Cambodia, Madagascar, Mali, Nepal, India and Uganda. Her work experience with UNICEF has allowed her to become an expert in a wide range of WASH

Urban stormwater runoff in North America is a major source of contamination of surface water bodies. In many parts of the North America, there are combined sewer overflows (CSOs) that are part of aging urban infrastructure. The consequence of these overflows is the discharge of untreated sewage into waterways. In 2001 the US EPA estimated that

“The distribution system is the remaining component of public water supplies yet to be adequately addressed in national efforts to eradicate waterborne disease” (NRC, 2010). Current disinfectant residual guideline values in Canada and the US have not been established using scientific evidence for the protection of the public from specific pathogens or health outcomes such as